Governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines.



R. H. RICE. GOVERNING mscmmsm r011 ELASTIG FLUID TURBINES. v APPLIOATIONFILED MAY 8; 1907. 951,337, Patented Mar. '8, 1910.

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I R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.APPLICATION FILED MA Y3, 1901-.

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GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.v APPLICATION FILED MAY3, 1907.

951,337. Patented Mar. 8, 1910.

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Wit messes Inventor Richard Rice R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FORELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3, 1907.

Patented Mar.'8,1910.

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- R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TUEBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3, 1907.

Patented Mar. 8, 1910. 6 SNEETS-SHEET 5.

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R. H. RICE. v I GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUI D TURBINES.

APPLIUATION FILED MAYS, 1907.

951,337. Patented Mar. 8, 1910.

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Inventor-z Richard HRice,

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STATES ATE FIGE.

RICHARD H. RICE, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 8, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD H. RICE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism forElastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to governing mechanisms for elastic fluidturbines, more especially of the impact type, and has for its object toimprove their construction.

I aim among other things to reduce the number of valves employed forcontrolling the admission of motive fluid to the turbine, or the passageof fluid between stages, or both, as the case may be. To this end, thevalves are so arranged that they are capable of throttling the passageof fluid both in opening and closing, thereby supplying at all times anamount of steam in strict accordance with the load requirements.Further, each valve is made in two parts so that closer regulation maybe obtained for a given number of valves and also that the work requiredto move the valves may be decreased. The small valves may, forconvenience, be termed primary valves, and the large ones, secondaryvalves. Each primary valve is so arranged that it opens before andcloses after its corresponding secondary valve. Each secondary valve isactuated through the medium of its primary valve, from which it will beseen that the primary valves not only act as such, but also serve asactuators thereby reducing the number of parts and the original cost,and also that of maintenance. The primary valves have stems which arepositively moved, both in opening and closing, by levers and cams. Thecams are mounted on a single shaft and the latter is rocked backward andforward, as occasion demands, by a continue ously moving ratchet andpawl mechanism, in response to a governor sensitive to speed variations.The governor acts to connect said mechanism to the cam shaft for movingthe valves and to disconnect said parts when the amount of steam flowingsatisfies the load requirements. The valves are unbalanced as topressure, and since it is necessary for the purpose of close regulationto accurately position both the primary and secondary valves withrespect to their seats, a friction lock is provided for the cam shaftwhich is automatically locked when it is necessary to hold one or morevalves in a given position, and unlocked when it is de sired to movethem. Under some conditions it is possible to do away with the means forlocking and unlocking the said friction lock. In this case the lockpartakes of the nature of a retarding device and constitutes a part ofthe load on the actuating mechanism. It should be so constructed andarranged as to prevent the valves from jumping and pounding.

For a more complete understanding of my invention, attention is directedto the specification and the claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one of the embodiments ofmy in- V vention, Figure 1 is a partial view in side elevation of aturbo-generator equipped with my lmproved governing mechanism; Fig. 2 isalongitudinal section of the cam shaft and cooperating parts; Fig. 3 isa plan view of the cams and the valve actuating parts; Fig. i is anenlarged view in end elevation of the same; Fig. 5 is a detail sectionalview of a friction clutch for holding the cam shaft and valves in properpositions; Fig. 6 is an enlarged View, in axial section, of a primaryand a secondary valve and their actuating mechanism, and Figs. 7 to 10inclusive are detail views of the means for releasing the lock on thecam shaft.

1 indicates the upper end of a turbine upon which is located a stool 2carrying an electric generator 3. The top of the generator is providedwith a cover 4 that supports the dome 5, the latter inclosing a speedgovernor 6, comprising weights 7 and an opposing spring 8 mounted on theupper end of the main shaft 13 of the turbo-generator. Motion from thegovernor due to speed changes is transmitted bya rod to the horizontallever 9, the latter being pivoted to the dome. The free end of the leveris connected by a rod 10 with a bell crank lever 11 supported by thebase of the dome. The transmission of motion from this point to thevalve actuating mechanism proper will be described later.

As it is necessary to have a constantly moving elementwhich is ready atall times to assume the work of moving the valves, I mount a worm 12 onthe main shaft 13 which also carries the governor. The worm meshes witha worm wheel on the secondary shaft let. meshing with a worm wheel 16,the latter being carried by a shaft 17, on the end of which is aneccentric 18. Surrounding the eccentric is a strap that is connected tothe rod As the eccentric revolves, it is evident that a to-and-fromovement will be imparted to the said rod. Since the position of thelever connected to the eccentric rod is changed from time to time by thegovernor in a plane perpendicular to that of the eccentric, a universalcoupling is included between the eccentric and its rod to compensatetherefor.

ldounted on the turbine casing is aivalve chest 21., Figs. 2 and 6,having an inlet 22 that is connected with the boiler or other source ofsupply. In the chest is a supply chamber 23 containing a plurality ofvalves; in the presentillustration three are shown. Each valve controlsthe passage of fluid to a passage 24:, the latter supplying one, two ormore fluid discharging passages of a nozzle or nozzles, or other fluiddischarging devices. Situated above the valve chest is a horizontalshaft 25 upon which the cams 26, one for each valve, are mounted. Theshaft is supported by bearings 27. On the left hand end of the shaft,Fig. 2, is a ratchet wheel 28, by means of which the cam shaft isactuated step-by-step in a forward or backward direction from a givenposition. lVhen the mechanism includes a lock controlling means, theratchet wheel is connected to the shaft through said means as willappear later, but if no such means is provided and a constantly actingfrictional or other damping or retarding device is used, said wheel canbe directly connected to the shaft.

Loosely mounted on the left end of the shaft 25, Fig. 2, is apawl-actuating lever 29 whichis freely oscillated about the axis of theshaft when the load conditions call for no change in the position of thevalves which regulate the steam supply. This lever is oscillated fromthe main shaft by the above described worm gearing, the eccentric 1S andits red 19. The outer end of the rod is connected by a ball-and-socketcoupling 30 to the lower end of the lever The longitudinal position ofthe lever 29 on the shaft is determined by the governor (3, Fig. 1,through the medium of the lever 9, rod 10, levers 11 and 31, rods 32 and33, and the bell-crank lever 3%, Fig. 2. The lever 3 f is pivoted on abracket secured to the valve chest and one end of said lever is forkedto embrace the hub of the pawlactuating lever 29.

Mounted on the lever 29 is a stud 35, the latter carrying pawls 36 and37 extending in opposite directions from the axis of the stud and heldin operative position with respect to the ratchetwheel by the extensionspring Mounted on the shaft 1% is a worm 15 38, the said spring beingattached to projections on the pawls. Inasmuch as there are times whenthe pawls should not act as well as times when they should it beingnoted that the lever 29 is constantly vibrating-a special means providedto keep the pawls out of engagement with the ratchet teeth when theyshould not work and to permit them to work when they should. This meanscomprises a shield or member -l-O carried by the ratchet and presentin asmooth peripheral surface of the same diameter as the points of theratchet teeth, and arranged to follow a spiral path with respect to thesides of the ratchet wheel. Any movement of the lever 29 on the shaftwill change the axial position of the pawls with respect to the shield,and it this change in position that permits the pawls to engage theteeth of the ratchet and move the same. pawls, due to their own weight,and the spring 38 tend at all times to enter into operative engagementwith the ratchet teeth, which tendency is opposed by the shield so longas it is in a neutral position.

The cam shaft in practice usually moves at each step an angular distanceequal to the pitch of the ratchet teeth, but under certain conditions itmay move a distance equal to two, three, four, five or even more timesthe pitch of said teeth, depending upon the suddenness and the amplitudeof the change of the load. Vi here the change in load is sudden and oflarge amount, the opening or closing of a secondary valve follows thatof a primary valve so closely as to constitute in effect a single valve.The shield is of such a width, and so arranged, that when the flow ofsteam or other fluid past the valves e);- actly satisfies the loadrequirements, the corners of the pawls adjacent the shield will ridethereon and prevent said pawls from acting on the ratchet teeth. Thearrange ment of the pawls and shield is particularly effective since thepawl is either out of engagement or fully in engagement with the teeththereby avoiding all troubles incident to broken teeth and pawls. Owingto the shape of and to the fact that the shield changes its positionwith respect to the pawls for each degree it is moved in eitherdirection, it follows that the shield constitutes a follow-up device andprevents the overtravel of the valves and their actuating means.

Assuming the parts to be ready to operate the cam shaft (a conditionbest illustrated in Fig. with the pawl-carrying end of the lever 25moving to the left, 4-, or as viewed from. the bottom of sheet 3 of thedrawings, the end of the pawl 37 will move off the shield 40 and, underthe influence of the spring 38, engage a tooth on the ratchet wheel,thereby moving the same to the left or contra-clockwise, Fig. 4, say forexample,

The.

a distance equal to the pitch of the teeth. The same movement of thelever will cause the pawl 36 to ride up onto the shield if it is notalready resting on said shield, the tooth directly under the end of thepawl lifting it against the action of the spring 38. Owing to thislifting action, the pawls will always ride onto the shield without shockof any kind. The movement of the ratchet wheel also moves the shieldplate angularly about the axis of the shaft a distance equal to thepitch of the teeth and, on account of its spiral arrangement, itsrelation to and effect on the pawls are changed. Now on the return orbackward stroke, the pawl 37 will be lifted by the tooth directly underthe end of it and caused to ride on the shield. The pawl 36 will for aportion of its stroke also ride on the shield and at or about the end ofsaid stroke may pass off of the shield, depending upon the posit-ion ofthe latter and whether or not the governor has altered the position ofthe pawl by moving it axially of the shaft and across the shield. In theevent of the valve opening satisfying the load conditions, the latterpawl will stop just short of doing any work. Assuming the sameconditions, the pawl 37 will do no work on the forward stroke because itwill ride on the shield. This relation of parts will con tinue untilthere is a speed change when the governor will shift the pawls axiallyof'the shaft in one direction or the other from the position described,and the next vibration of the lever 29 will move the ratchetwheel andcam shaft by an amount dependent upon the load and therefore the speedchange.

The valves and their operating levers will next be described, see Fig.6. Each valve comprises a primary valve 41 mounted on the stem 42 andlocated inside of the secondary poppet valve 43, the latter containingan internal seat all for the former. The secondary valve is made hollowand slotted atone side to receive the stem 42 and primary valve.Surrounding the secondary poppet valve is a sleeve 45 having one or moreports 46. This sleeve is seated in a wall of the valve chest and inaddition to forming a seat, acts as a guide for the valve 4:3. Thesevalves control the passage of motive fluid from the chamber 23 to thepassage 24:, the space above the primary valve being in communicationwith the chamber 23. The distance between the seat at and the top of thesecondary valve is greater than the length of the primary valve, so thatthe latter will first open and permit an amount of motive fluid to flowdependent upon said opening and thereafter raise the secondary andlarger valve so that fluid can flow through the port or ports 46. Inclosing, the secondary valve is first seated and then the primary. Thesleeve 45 is of the same diameter as the opening in the wall of thevalve chest above it so that it can be inserted or withdrawn from place.This opening is closed by a head 47 bolted to the wall of the chest andcontaining a packing with a packing gland and adjusting nut. The valvestem 48 rises vertically from the chest and includes a spring coupling49 so arranged that it will yield slightly in case the cams are notexactly right or in case the parts are not assembled exactly as theyshould be. Motion is imparted from the cams to the valves by a series oflevers. In the present illustration of the invention each lever is madeup of two cooperating parts r levers 50 and 51 with the outer end of oneabove and of the other below the spring coupling 4-9, but under someconditions the levers may be made in one piece with a plu rality of armsbetween which the cams and the couplings are located as in the formillustrated. The object in making the levers in two parts is tofacilitate assembling and taking down, to afford better supporttherefor, to economize space, to afford room for the coupling, and tobring the pivots therefor near to the axis of the cam shaft. Mounted onthe frame around the cam shaft are a series of blocks 52, two for eachset of levers, having knife edges 53 which are seated in hardened blockscarried by the parts 50 and 51 of the levers. The blocks for the upperparts 50 of the levers are mounted on the removable bar 53*, Figs. 2 and6, forming a portion of the frame. The blocks and the seats are maderemovable so that they can be properly hardened and also so that theycan be renewed. The inner ends of the lovers are provided withanti-friction rollers 54 that travel on the surface of the cams 26, andthe outer ends are forked to embrace the valve stems. Nuts are providedon the stems above and below the outer ends of the levers for thepurpose of affording proper adjustment. The cams may be made of anysuitable shape to accomplish the desired result. As shown, they comprisetwo principal portions 55 and 56 located. at different distancesfrom.the center and connected by inclined portions 57 and 58. As oneroller moves up the incline 57 the other moves down the incline 58, sothat the valve stem is always held against jumping from one position tothe other, and any desired degree of throttling can be obtained byproperly shaping these inclined surfaces. As the cam shaft is rocked oneway or the other, it follows that the valves will be correspondinglymoved.

Starting with the parts in the position shown, a cam is movedstep-by-step in a clock-wise direction and the upper roller will ride upthe incline 57 and the upper or closing lever 50 will. gradually lowerthe primary valve until the secondary valve is seated, and thereaftermovement in the same direction will gradually close the primary valve.The roller on the lower or opening lever has in the meanwhile. moveddown the incline 58 and either permitted the upper lever to close thevalves or else assisted in the closing. depending upon whether or notthe roller is held in rolling contact with the cam. Usually both leverstake part in the action, owing to the fact that the valves are subjectedto unbalanced fluid pressures. The inciined portions ofthe several camsare angularly advanced, one with respect to another, so that the primaryand therefore the secondary valves will open and close successively.After the rollers of a given pair of levers pass off of these inclinedportions, further movement of the levers is prevented because theportions 55 and 56 of the cam are concentric and hence the cams andtheir shaft can move without affecting the position of said levers.

Reference has been made to a locking means for the cam shaft, and itwill now be described in detail. Surrounding the cam shaft and locatedbetween it and the hub of the ratchet wheel :28, Fig. 2. is a sleeve 60,having two arms 61 thereon, Fig. 7, located at diametrically oppositepoints and each provided with a conical roller 62. These rollers arelocated in openings 63 of substantially semi-circular shape formed bycutting away the disk or head 6i formed on or rigidly attached to theinside of the ratchet wheel. The parts normally stand as shown in Figs.2 and 8; that is to say when the pawls are moving to-and fro wit ioutmoving the cam shaft. Between the righthand side of the ratchet wheeland the lining of the adjacent bearing 27 are hardened thrust washers(35, or rollers, or both. On the right hand end of the shaft, f2, andsecured thereto is a sleeve 66 having a flange which forms an abutmentfor a plurality of thin steel disks 6? which form a part of a frictionclutch. The sleeve is prevented from moving longitudinally to the lefton the shaft 27 by means of a shoulder or equivalent device. On theright hand side of the disks a fixed abutment (38. Between the abutmentand adjustable head 72 on a rod 9 pinned to the end of the shaft 253 isa compression spring 70. a ball bearing 71 being provided to reduce thefriction between the spring and the head. The bearing and spring areinclosed in a hollow c .'lindrical member in'ojecting from said head T2which is guided by the cylindrical wall of the inclosing casing 73. Theabutment is held in position longitudinally and prevented from turningby the bolt 74'. Half of the thin steel disks are splined to the sleeves66 and. so rotate with the shaft, while the remainder are splined to thecasing 73 and are, therefore, prevented from rotating. The spring is ofsuch size and effect that it will,

when the parts are not being moved by the action of the pawls 36 and 37,force the shaft- 25, sleeve 66 and the disks 67 toward the right Fig. 2,and hold said disks in fric tional contact and the rollers 62 .in themidposition shown in Fig. 8, thus locking the cams and their cooperatingvalves against movement.

Assuming the parts to be locked and the pawl 36, Figs. 2 and 3, inposition to move the ratchet wheel, the first portion of the activestroke of the pawl will move the wheel in a clock-wise direction and therollers 62 will ride up the inclined or cam surfaces (33 in the disk 64,Figs. 7 to 10. Since the wheel is prevented from moving to the right bythe thrust washers 65, itfollows that the shaft as a, whole will, due tothe rollers 62 moving up the inclines move slightly to the left againstthe action of the spring 70 and relieve the frictional contact betweenthe thin steel disks of the clutch, after which the shaft is free torotate and with it the at tached parts. As soon as a pawl lets go on itsreturn stroke, the spring 70 will move the shaft to the right bringingthe parts of the clutch into frictional contact and locking or holdingthe shaft 25 against further angular movement until one or the other ofthe pawls takes hold. Since the shaft mustturn forward and backward, it.follows that the looking device or clutch must be double acting. This isaccomplished by making the cutaway or cam portions 63 on the headsymmetrical on both sides of the center. No matter which way the ratchetwheel is turned, the rollers 62 will first release the lock or clutchand thereafter turn the shaft.

In some certain cases it may be desirable to omit the feature of theunlocking device, in which case the clutch will act as a retardingdevice at all times, and the pawls will overcome the load occasionedthereby. I may omit the unlocking device when the apparatus is to beoperated in this manner. or it may be rendered inoperative by insert ingpins in the holes 75, Fig. 7, in the arms 76 and clamping the parts bybolts 7 7. In this case the ratchet and shaft will atall times move asone. The bolts 77 pass through slots, shown in dotted lines, in the arms76, and when not firmly secured in place may act as an additional meansfor preserving the prope alinement of the parts.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the lever 23), Fig. 2. isconstantly vibrating toand-fro due to its connection with the worm onthe main shaft, Fig. 1, and the gearing driven thereby. The pawls 36 and87, Fig. 3, stand ready at. all times to perform the work of moving thecam carrying shaft 25, Fig. 2, when permitted to do so by the speedgovernor. After one or the other pawls moves the ratchet and the shaft,the spiral shield comes into play and, acting as a follow-up device,prevents over-travel of the parts. Assuming a given number of primaryand secondary valves closed, and a given number open, and a slightincrease in load accompanied by a decrease in speed, the action of apawl in moving the cam shaft audits cams will cause one of the latter toopen a primary valve by an amount dependent upon the load change.Further increase in load will open the primary valve by an additionalamount. A continued increase in load will cause the primary valve topositively and mechanically open the secondary valve until the latter iswide open. As soon as one secondary valve is fully opened, theregulating action takes place on the next primary valve in the seriesand then the second my and so on. Upon a decrease in load, as sumingsome of the valves to be fully open and the remainder closed, asecondary valve will start into operation and gradually throttle thesupply until it is seated. If this 18 insufficient to satisfy the loadrequirements, the next primary valve closes gradually, and so on.

I do not claim the releasing means for the friction clutch nor thespecific construction of the shield on the ratchet wheel forcontrollingthe action of the pawls, since they were invented by John G. Callan andform the subject matter of a separate application, Serial No. 433,348,filed May 18, 1908.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I havedescribed the principle of operation of my invention, together with theapparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of'the UnitedStates, is,

1. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a. primary and asecondary valve, an actuator for operating the primary valve and throughit the secondary valve, a means which is operative at any pointthroughout the range of operation of the actuator to lock said actuator,against the tendency of the valves to move it, and a governor responsiveto load changes for controlling the action of the actuator on thevalves.

2. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a primary and asecondary valve which have a tendency to move, due to unbalancedpressures, an actuator which opens one valve before the other, a lockingdevice which is operative to hold the actuator at any point throughoutthe range of operation of said actuator to prevent the valves frommoving it, a power driven means for moving the actuator, and a governorcontrolling the action of the said means.

' 3. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of primaryand secondary valves, stems for opening each primary valve before itscooperating secondary valve, which stems open for the primary valves between the opening of secondary valves, means for moving the stems in amanner to cause the valves to throttle the flow of fluid, power drivenmeans which is constantly in motion, and a governor for connecting anddisconnecting the first mentioned means and the power driven means.

4. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of primaryand secondary valves, stems for opening each primary valve before itscooperating secondary valve, means for actuating the said stems in sucha manner as to throttle the flow of fluid, which stems open the primaryvalves between the opening of secondary valves, a power driven meansthat is constantly in motion, a governor for connecting anddisconnecting the first mentioned means and the power driven means, anda device acting on said first mentioned means for holding each of thevalves in its throttling positions.

5. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a primary and asecondary valve, a stem for operating the primary valve and through itthe secondary valve, a cam for moving the stem, a shaft carrying thecam, a lock for the shaft Which is operative in any one of the variouspositions of said shaft to prevent the valves from turning it, and agovernor controlled means for actuating the shaft.

6. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of valves,an actuating means for the valves including a shaft, and a device forholding the shaft in any one of its various positions comprising disksnormally held in frictional contact, and a governor controlled means formoving the shaft.

7. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of valves,an actuating means for the valves including a shaft, and a deviceforholding the shaft in any one of its various positions comprisingdisks normally held in frictional contact, which device actuates theshaft and also controls the operation of said disks.

8. In a governing mechanism, the combi nation of a plurality of valves,cams for operating them, a shaft carrying the cams, governor cont-rolledmeans for actuating the shaft step-by-step, and a locking device for theshaft comprising metal disks normally held in frictional contact.

9. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of valves,cams for operating them, a shaft carrying the cams, governor controlledmeans for actuating the shaft step-by-step, a locking device for theshaft comprising metal disks normally held Cir in frictional contact,and a spring which tends at all times to hold the disks in con tact.

10. In a governing mechanism, the combination of valves, stems for thevalves, levers connected at one end with the stems, cams which actuatethe other ends of the levers to open and close the valves, knife edgepivots for the levers that are arranged intermediate their ends, andgovernor controlled means for actuating the cams.

11. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stemtherefor, a cam, levers moved by the cam for opening and closing thevalve, a knife edge pivot for one i of the levers located above saidlever, a second knife edge pivot for the other lever located below it,and governor controlled means for actuating the cam.

12. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stemtherefor, a set of levers for actuating the valve through its stein,pivots for the set of levers arranged above and below it, a cam whichcooperates with adjacent ends of the levers and is situated between saidends, means for actuating the cams stcp-by-step, and a governorcontrolling said means.

13. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stemtherefor, a yielding means mounted on the stem, a pair of levers foractuating the valve, one of which actson said means on one side and theother on the opposite side, pivots for the levers, a cam acting on theends of the levers away from the stem, one portion of said cam act-- ingto raise the stem and its valve through one lever and another portion toclose it through the other lever, and a governor con.- trolled means foractuating the cam.

14:. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a primary and asecondary valve, a lever which gradually opens and closes the valves oneafter the other to throttle the passage of fluid, a means for moving thelever, a friction device to prevent the valves from affecting theposition of the lever and its actuating means, and a governorcontrolling the action of said means. i

15. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of primaryand secondary valves arranged in pairs, a stem for each pair, levers foractuating the stems, a shaft, cams for actuating the levers which aremounted on the shaft, an actuator for the shaft, a frictional retardingdevice for the shaft, and a governor controlled means for actuating theshaft step-by-step in both the forward and reverse directions.

10. In a governing mechanism, the combination'of a valve, a stemtherefor, a cam for actuating the stem, a shaftupon which the cam isrigidly mounted, a ratchet on the shaft, pawls for moving the ratchetforward and to rotate the shaft and cam, a device having a to-and-fromovement for actuating the pawls, a shield for the ratchet assisting tocontrol the action of said pawls, and a governor which acts on saidpawls to primarily control their action.

17. In a governing mechanism for an elastic fluid turbine, thecombination of a plurality of primary valves, a secondary valve for eachprimary, fluid discharging devices receiving fluid from a primary and asecondary valve, a means for slowly opening the primary valves andthereby throttling a given supply of fluid to one or more of the saiddevices during the operation of the turbine, and subsequently openingthe secondary valves and thereby throttling a larger supply of fluid toone or more of the said devices during said operation, means foractuating the primary and secondary valves one after the other inopening and one after the other in the reverse order in closing, and agovernor controlling the action of said means.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of May,1907.

- RICHARD H. RICE. il itnesses J OI-IN A. MoMANUs, J12, HENRY O.lVnsrmvnanr.

